WTO harmonization and HS codes

List of the catalog of this article:

• 1, Introduction of M53 turbofan engine
• 2、French "Phantom" 2000 fighter
• 3,WTO harmonization and HS codes The third-generation fighters that began to serve in the 1980s
• 4, M53P2 parameters of M53P2 aircraft engine
• 5, Technical data of M53 turbine fan engine

M53 turbine fan engine Introduction

As of December 31, 2001, a total of 617 M53 engines were in service around the world, with a total of more than 930,000 flight hours.The M53 service plan will exceed 2025.

In addition, increasing the total pressure ratio of the fan and the compressor and the pressure ratio of each stage is also conducive to increasing the engine thrust. Secondly, in terms of fuel heat utilization, on the one hand, it is necessary to improve the inlet temperature of the turbine as much as possible, and on the other hand, it is necessary to improve the structural design of the combustion chamber and the booster combustion chamber, optimize the design of the fuel injection system, and so on.

Common combinations: turboprop engine, turbine fan engine and turbojet engine integration, turbine fan + subsonic/supersonic combustion stamping engine integration.

In terms of structure, the current turbofan engine can be divided into single rotor, double rotor and triple rotor. Turbine fan engines can be further subdivided into non-power and power-added.

French "Phantom" 2000 fighter

"Mirage" (Mirage) 2000 fighter is developed by Dasssaulle France The multi-purpose fighter was tested for the first time in March 1978 and put into service in November 1982. In addition to France, Egypt, Brazil, Greece, India, Peru, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and other countries also have equipment.

"Mirage 2000" is a multi-purpose fighter developed by Dassaulle of France. The Phantom 2000 began to be developed in the mid-1970s. The first prototype was tested for the first time in March 1978. The production aircraft began to be delivered to the army in 1983 and began to serve in the French Air Force in 1984.

French "Phantom 2000" fighter "Mirage 2000" fighter is a multi-purpose fighter developed by the French Dassaute, which began to serve in the French Air Force in 1984.

According to the information revealed by the manufacturer Dassault, this fighter can perform all-weather, all-altitude interception and attack missions. In the more advanced and more powerfulBefore the appearance of the "Gust" fighter, the "Phantom 2000" had been conscientiously guarding the French airspace. It is known as the pride of the French military industry and synonymous with legitimate soldiers.

Generally speaking, the Phantom 2000 fighter is neither the United States nor Russia's, but the French Air Force's first-type single-triangular-wing multi-purpose fighter. It belongs to France's first fourth-generation fighter in terms of identity and is a boutique designed and completed by France independently.

The third-generation fighter that began to serve in the 1980s

The gust fighter is a fighter developed by the French Dasssaud in the 1980s. It has a fixed rear swept wing and follows the triangular wing of the Phantom 2000, but plus It is a duck wing, and it is a static unstable aircraft with strong maneuverability. The aerodynamic layout is similar to that of the J-10, but it is double-engine.

The Wild Wind is a combat bomber with a rear-variable sweep wing, and 80% of its mission is ground attack. It was designed and manufactured by the European Fighter Company for the Soviet Union's Su-24 combat bomber. The Wild Wind has been in service in the 1980s. It is a typical of the three-generation battle bomb, and its combat effectiveness is ranked in the F111 at that time. , after Su 24.

China's three-generation fighters include J-7 and J-20. Fighters are also called fighter jets. The main task of the fighter jet is to fight in the air with the enemy fighter and seize the air superiority. The second is to intercept enemy bombers, attack aircraft and cruise missiles, and can also carry a certain number of weapons for ground attack to carry out ground attack missions.

M53P2 aircraft engineThe M53P2 parameters

1. The total weight of the M53-P2 engine (including the parts required for installation) is 1515 kg, the maximum afterburning thrust is 63 Newtons (about 14462 pounds), the maximum aftercombustion thrust is 91 Newtons (about 21,385 pounds), and the thrust weight ratio is only 4. The Mirage 2000-5, a phantom fighter purchased by Taiwan, is equipped with M53-P2.

2. M53 adopts a large amount of titanium alloy, which greatly reduces the engine weight. The engine has a total of 12 units. The development cost of M53 is more than 100 million US dollars. M53-2 Early prototype. M53-5 is a development model based on M53-2. Except for a slight increase in the thrust, the outline size, weight and design parameters are basically the same as M53-2.

3. Although the Phantom 2000 is a single engine, it can install very large weapons and ammunition. Its aircraft has a total of 9 suspension points (4 wings and 5 under the fuselage), with a total external load of 6,000 kilograms. In particular, the aircraft is equipped with Mika air-to-air missiles.

4. The thrust of M53-P2 is 95 kN, and the push-to-weight ratio is only about 5. The Phantom" 2000-5 may be equipped with an M53-P20 engine with a thrust of 91 kN. ( IV) Flight performance The flight performance of "Phantom" 2000 is relatively good.

technical data of M53 turbofan engine

1. The M53-PX3 engine has high thrust, low cost and advanced process technology.Technical improvements include new digital electric modulation, turbine optimization design and repeatable power-up system. The M53-PX3 engine will enable the Phantom 2000 fighter to maintain its cutting-edge performance. The air intake is ring-shaped, with a pointed intake cone, and it is ice-proof with hot air.

2. As of December 31, 2001, a total of 617 M53 engines have been in service around the world, with a total of more than 930,000 flight hours. The M53 service plan will exceed 2025.

3. 1 on-board crew. The power unit is a Snekma M53-P2 supplementary combustion turbine fan engine, with a maximum thrust of 629 kN and an added thrust of 906 kN. The wingspan is 13 meters, the length is 14,36 meters, the height is 2 meters, and the maximum take-off weight is 17,000 kilograms.

4. Cruising fuel consumption [kg/(daN·h)]: CFM56-2-C1/2-C2, 0.6832-B1, 0.6682A-2, 0.6773-B1, 0.6783B-2, 0.6663C-1, 0.6665A 1, 0.6075C2, 0.577.

5. The engine is the main force of small-displacement engines, with two displacements of 4L and 6. For example, Volkswagen's EA111 series engine integrates advanced technologies such as in-cylinder direct injection and turbocharging, with performance advantages such as small displacement, high power and low fuel consumption.

6. In terms of engine, the Phantom 2000 is equipped with an M53 engine, which is the world's unique mass-produced single-shaft turbine fan engine.It is composed of 10 replaceable units, which are simple in structure and easy to maintain.